The Known Universe

 

Our Universe : Based on the Big Bang Theory Our Universe age consider as 13.8 billion years. Process of the Universe , Universe---> Number of Galaxy->Number of Stars -> Planets.

• Name of the Galaxy is "Milky Way".
• Study of Universe is "Cosmology".

Around 68% of the stars of the milky way are larger size in than the SUN.

STARS: 

• Stars contains spherical shape 
• Sun contains around 1crore years it works nuclear chemical reaction. 
• Small nuclides converts to bulky nuclides its forms nuclear fusion in the stars.
• When nuclear reaction completly stoped, then the stars can converts to block hole, Nuetrino stars, white dwarf.
• Block hole consider maximum gravity comparing with sun mass (2x10^30kg) its 1.4 times greater then so its converts into block holes.
• This limit proposed by Chandrashekar limit

1. Lightest element in the universe is Hydrogen, and 75% of hyderogen present in the universe and 21 to 23 % of Helium is present in the universe.
2. Helium and Hydrogen consider as a paremanent elements of this universe.
3. Hydrogen converts into Helium.
4. Hydeogen divided in to 3 types :

1. Protium
2. Deuterium
3. Tritium - lightest radio active element and its release ALFA,GAMA,BETA, rays.

Solar system: 

• 8 planets existed in our solar sysytem.
• Jupiter and saturn present same axis line (December 21st 2020).
• Asteroids belt lies between mass and Jupiter.
• Our sloar system take about 225 to 250 million years revolive once around the milky way (Galaxy).
• The largest unite of time galactic or cosmic years.
• 2020 December 20 smallest unite of time is zepto sec.
• Halley comets completly revolve around the sun its take time 76.3 years.
• We saw the halley comets in the year of 1986 again will see the year of 2026.
• Ganymede is a largest satillite in our solar system
• Titan is a second largest satillite in our solar system. 
• Jupiter is tha largest palnet and Saturn is a second largest palnet in our solar system 

1. Mercury: 

• Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun.
• It takes 88 Earth days for Mercury to orbit the Sun once.
• Mercury has no moons.
• Mercury rotates counterclockwise (from west to east).
• It takes Mercury 59 Earth days to rotate once on its axis.

2. Venus: 

• Venus is the second-nearest planet to the Sun.
• Venus rotates in a clockwise direction.
• Venus has no moons.
• Venus is the brightest planet in the Solar System.
• Venus takes 225 Earth days to orbit the Sun.
• Venus is known as the Morning and Evening Star because it is visible in the eastern sky before sunrise and in the western sky after sunset.
• Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System, with an average surface temperature of 867 degrees Fahrenheit (464 degrees Celsius).
• Venus is the nearest planet to Earth.
• Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate on its axis.
• Venus sometimes appears in the western sky just after sunset and in the eastern sky before sunrise.

3. Earth 

• Earth is a blue planet.
• The Moon is a natural satellite of Earth.
• Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
• Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
• Earth takes 365.242 days to orbit the Sun.
• Earth takes 24 hours to rotate on its axis.
• Earth's diameter is 12,742 km.
• Earth's radius is 6,371 km.
• Earth's surface gravity is 9.81 m/s^2.
• Earth's escape velocity is 11.2 km/s.

4. Mars

• Mars is a red planet.
• Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.
• Mars rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
• Mars takes 24.62 hours to rotate on its axis.

5. Jupiter 

• Jupiter is the fifth planet in our solar system.
• Jupiter has 80 to 95 moons.
• Jupiter rotates very rapidly on its axis (10 hours).
• Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system.

6. Saturn 

• It is a 6th planet from sun 
• It is rotate clock wise direction.
• Its rorate its own axis 10.4 hours 
• Time period for the one revolution takes 29.5 years.
• It consist 145 sub - planets.
• It is appears yellow colour.

7. Uranus 

• It is a 7th planet 
• It is a 3rd largest palnet 
• It is appers in green colour 
• Its take 84 year to complete one revolution around the sun 
• It is rotate clock wise direction 
• Its consist 27 sub - planets 

8. Neptune 

• It is a 8th planet 
• It is 4th largest planet 
• It is appers in blue colour 
• It was discoverd in 1846 by a German Astrology - Johann Galy 
• Its take 164 year to complete one revolution around the sun 
• Its takes 16 hours to rotate on its axis.

PLUTO 

1. Until August 24, 2006, Pluto was considered to be the ninth planet in the Solar System.
2. At the 26th General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it was decided that Pluto would no longer be considered a planet.
3. This decision was made because Pluto does not meet the third criterion for planethood, which is that a planet must have "cleared the neighborhood around its orbit."
4. This means that Pluto's orbit is still populated by other objects, such as Kuiper belt objects and Neptune trojans.
5. Pluto also has a highly eccentric orbit, which means that it sometimes crosses the orbit of Neptune.